Notice existing choices
Observe where, when and in what direction the cat scratches. A vertical surface near a resting place may serve a different preference from a horizontal cardboard pad.
Make the alternative convincing
A scratching surface should be stable and large enough for the cat to use comfortably. Place it near the chosen area before trying to move the behavior elsewhere.
Reward the desired use
Praise or reward voluntary use. Protect furniture while giving the cat an acceptable option. Avoid punishment, which may add fear without teaching an alternative.
Maintain and adjust
Replace worn surfaces when they no longer function well, but preserve familiar options during changes. In a multi-cat home, distribute scratching choices across useful locations.
A useful next step
Choose one manageable improvement and make a note of what changes. Use the practical tools to organize the details, and return to the discussion to share what you learned.